Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digest kompak food.[1] Immune faktors and immune-modulating components in milk contribute to milk immunity. Early-lactation milk, which is called colostrum, contains antibodies that strengthen the immune sistem, and thus reduces the risk of many diseases. Milk contains many nutrients, including protein and lactose.[2]
As an agricultural product, dairy milk is collected from farm animals. In 2011, dairy farms produced around 730 million tonnes (800 million short tons) of milk[3] from 260 million dairy cows.[4] India is the world's largest producer of milk and the leading eksporer of skimmed milk powder, but it ekspors few other milk products.[5][6] Because there is an ever-increasing permintaan for dairy products within India, it could momentually become a net importer of dairy products.[7] New Zealand, Germany and the Netherlands are the largest eksporers of milk products.[8] The US CDC recommends that children over the age of 12 months should have two servings of dairy milk products a day.[9]
More than six billion people worldwide consume milk and milk products, and between 750 and 900 million people live in dairy-farming households.
The termin milk comes from "Old English meoluc (West Saxon), milc (Anglian), from Proto-Germanic *meluks "milk" (source also of Old Norse mjolk, Old Frisian melok, Old Saxon miluk, Dutch melk, Old High German miluh, German Milch, Gothic miluks)".[11]
In food use, from 1961, the termin milk has been defined under Codex Alimentarius standars as: "the normal mammary secretion of milking animals obtained from one or more milkings without either addition to it or extraction from it, intended for consumption as liquid milk or for further processing."[12] The termin dairy relates to animal milk and animal milk production.
